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Vol. 21 (2018 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-1

Sukhareva T. A.
Spatial-temporal variability of soils' acidity of Northern taiga forests at lower technogenic load

The condition of soil under the influence of airpollutions сopper-nickel smelter "Severonickel" (Monchegorsk, the Murmansk region) have been analyzed. The spatial-temporal dynamics of acidity of Al-Fe podzolic organic soil horizon in the process of technogenic digression of spruce and pine forests has been performed. The studies conducted in 1992 and 2007 on fixed sample plots at different distances from the emission source. Parcellary differences have been found in background spruce forest, where the actual acidity of organic soil horizon spruce parcels is lower than between crown space. Under air pollution parcellary differences of soil acidity are not expressed. In the pine forests the spatial dynamics is characterized by reduced actual and hydrolytic acidity of the organic horizon and the growing exchange of aluminium along a gradient of atmospheric pollution. In defoliating spruce forests and sparse forests the actual soil acidity reduction is observed only in between crown spaces, and hydrolytic soil acidity – in both parcels. The stage of initial defoliation of the crowns of coniferous trees, most remote from the source of emission of pollutants is identified. At this stage, the organogenic horizon of the spruce soils is more acidic than in the undisturbed phytocenosis, and the hydrolytic acidity of the soils remains at the background level. Under the reduction of atmospheric emissions soil acidity decreased in defoliating forests in 2007. In the immediate vicinity of the smelter (7–10 km) soil pH has not changed during the study period. In the pine defoliating forests and sparse forests hydrolytic soil acidity has increased. In spruce forests under atmospheric pollution, the level of hydrolytic and exchange acidity has decreased, with the exception of the stages of initial defoliation of North taiga forests. The exchange soil acidity, the content of the exchange of aluminium and exchange of hydrogen reliably increase at this stage of forest digression. The results of the research can be used in monitoring environment, assessing soil fertility of forest ecosystems under the influence of natural and technogenic factors and contribute to the development of methods of disturbed soils' rehabilitation.

(in English, стр.9, fig. 1, tables. 2, ref 21, adobe PDF, adobe PDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 24 (2021 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1

Isaeva L. G., Sukhareva T. A.
Assessment of the green spaces' state in the impact zone of the Pechenganikel smelter, the Murmansk region

The study of the state of green spaces in urbanized areas is important due to their sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic role in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic. The objects of research were the green spaces of the urban-type settlement Nikel (the Murmansk region). The assessment of the distribution of tree and shrub species by categories of life state was carried out; revealed damage to leaves by atmospheric emissions, insects and fungi. A high degree of damage from pollution was noted in birch, mountain ash and bird cherry; aspen up to 85 % damaged by aphids; mechanical damage to the trunks was noted in about 26 % of the surveyed trees; 5 % of trees have frost cracks in the trunk. In the course of a comparative assessment of the chemical composition of birch leaves growing in the urbanized territory of Nikel and in forest ecosystems along the gradient of atmospheric pollution in the impact zone of the Pechenganikel plant, it was found that the concentrations of pollutants in birch leaves in technologically disturbed areas exceed background values. Birch leaves in the southern direction from the plant accumulate higher concentrations of Ni, Cu, Pb, Co, Fe than in the western and northern directions. In 2019, the concentrations of heavy metals in birch leaves increased compared to the previous study period (2004). In the urban area, the content of pollutants exceeds not only the values of the regional background, but also the levels identified in forest ecosystems along the gradient of atmospheric pollution. Concentration coefficients Cc show abnormally high values for Ni, Cu, Pb, Co, Fe; the maximum Cc values are noted for Ni and Co.

(in Russian, стр.9, fig. 3, tables. 6, ref 23, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)